These coincide with the literature of utang na loob rooted in the kapwa model-the core concept of Filipino psychology. The 15-Item scale measured three (3) factors, specifically, (1) Good Will (motivation), (2) Acknowledgement (benefactor), and (3) Social Responsibility (benefactor). The results of the study generated a 15-Item scale with a sampling adequacy of KMO = 0.903, determinant = 0.011, and sphericity of χ = 1787.41, p < 0.05, which made it eligible for analysis. The scale was subjected to factor analysis. The study is a quantitative research that utilized a 60-Item instrument using a 5 point Likert scale. The participants were gathered through convenience and snowball sampling which generated a sample size of N = 400 valid responses. ![]() The majority participants in this study were female (79.25%), are in college level (42.25%), and mostly from Visayas (81%). ![]() Utang na loob orientation pertains to an individual's tendency to promote the interpersonal and social norm of utang na loob. The study aimed to generate an instrument that measures utang na loob orientation.
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